Volume 25, Issue 2 (Summer 2021)
2021, 25(2): 61-68 |
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Hashemipour S, Gheraati M, Badri M, Rastgoo N, Shokri A, Esmaielzadeh S et al . Impact of Smoking on the Mortality of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19, Iran: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal of Inflammatory Diseases. 2021; 25 (2) :61-68
URL: http://journal.qums.ac.ir/article-1-3222-en.html
URL: http://journal.qums.ac.ir/article-1-3222-en.html
Sima Hashemipour1 
, Maryam Gheraati * 2, Milad Badri3 , Nafiseh Rastgoo1 , Aref Shokri1 , Sohrab Esmaielzadeh1 , Khadijeh Esmaielzade1
, Maryam Gheraati * 2, Milad Badri3 , Nafiseh Rastgoo1 , Aref Shokri1 , Sohrab Esmaielzadeh1 , Khadijeh Esmaielzade1
1- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
2- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. , Maryam.gheraati22@gmail.com
3- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
2- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran. , Maryam.gheraati22@gmail.com
3- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Abstract: (765 Views)
Background: There are inconsistent data about the association of smoking with the prognosis of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This inconsistency is so huge that some investigators have suggested some protective roles for smoking against COVID-19 disease.
Objective: This study was designed to investigate the association of smoking with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 493 adult patients with COVID-19 disease. Other underlying diseases, clinical and laboratory findings, and mortality rates were compared between smoking and non-smoking patients using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: The prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized patients was 6.1%. Clinical complaints and disease severity at admission were similar between smokers and non-smokers. Leukocyte count and blood sugar were higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (P=0.003, P=0.018, respectively). The rate of ICU admission and days of hospitalization were comparable between smokers and non-smokers. However, smokers had a significantly higher mortality rate than non-smokers (36.7% vs 13.8%, respectively, P=0.001). After adjusting for significantly different variables in univariate analysis, smoking was associated with a 3.78 times higher mortality rate (OR=3.78, 95% CI: 1.48-9.67, P=0.005).
Conclusion: Smoking is an independent predictor of mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Objective: This study was designed to investigate the association of smoking with mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 493 adult patients with COVID-19 disease. Other underlying diseases, clinical and laboratory findings, and mortality rates were compared between smoking and non-smoking patients using univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results: The prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized patients was 6.1%. Clinical complaints and disease severity at admission were similar between smokers and non-smokers. Leukocyte count and blood sugar were higher in smokers compared to non-smokers (P=0.003, P=0.018, respectively). The rate of ICU admission and days of hospitalization were comparable between smokers and non-smokers. However, smokers had a significantly higher mortality rate than non-smokers (36.7% vs 13.8%, respectively, P=0.001). After adjusting for significantly different variables in univariate analysis, smoking was associated with a 3.78 times higher mortality rate (OR=3.78, 95% CI: 1.48-9.67, P=0.005).
Conclusion: Smoking is an independent predictor of mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.
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